DNREC Online

Delaware Division of Fish & Wildlife

RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF DELAWARE

February 2001

Delaware Natural Heritage Program

Delaware Dept. of Natural Resources and Environmental Control

Division of Fish and Wildlife

4876 Hay Point Landing Road, Smyrna, Delaware 19977

(302) 653-2880

List compiled and edited by William A. McAvoy

Delaware Natural Heritage Program

In assessing the status of Delaware's native flora, many individuals have contributed their knowledge and expertise in helping to develop this list of rare plant species. I wish to thank the following: Karen Bennett, Peter Bowman, Lynn Broaddus, Keith Clancy, Janet Ebert, Frank Hirst, Jack Holt, Ernie Schuyler, Ron Wilson and Eric Zuelke.

INTRODUCTION

The Delaware Natural Heritage Program (DNHP) is part of the Division of Fish and Wildlife, Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control and was established in the state in 1987. The mission of the DNHP is to locate and identify rare and uncommon species of plants and animals, as well as pristine and unique natural community types.

The DNHP strives to provide the most reliable and up-to-date biological and ecological information possible. Through systematic methods of state-wide field surveys and identification, the DNHP has compiled a database containing thousands of records on hundreds of conservation elements (i.e. plants, animals and unique natural communities) of special state concern. Records maintained in computer data base files are used to develop rare species lists, which primarily serve as guides to assist in conservation and land protection efforts by government agencies and private organizations. Rare species lists also assist land managers and stewards in management activities, provide information for use in the environmental review process, and provide information to researchers and educators.

This list contains 789 species and varieties of vascular plants considered to be rare and uncommon in the state of Delaware. Six hundred and eighteen (618) species are extremely rare to very rare and are of conservatin concern, and 171 species are rare to uncommon (S3). As a measure of rarity within the state, numerical and alphabetical ranks (S1, S2, S3, SH, SX) are assigned to each species listed. Ranks are also applied to indicate global rarity (G1, G2, G3, GH, GX). The ranking system, explained in Appendix I, is based on criteria developed by The Nature Conservancy, a private international conservation organization. Assignment of ranks prioritizes species for protection in order of importance: S1, extremely rare; S2, very rare; S3, rare to uncommon; SH, historical, not reported for 15 or more years; SX, extirpated, no longer exists in the state. Species ranked as S1 and S2 are given primary consideration for conservation. Species ranked as S3 are not of conservation concern in the state at this time, but are still deserving of inventory or monitoring. If plants ranked as historical or extirpated are rediscovered, they are then included in the primary conservation category and ranked as S1 or S2. A list of Delaware plant species that are Federally listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (endangered, threatened and candidate species) is found in Appendix II.

Considering the overall native flora of Delaware (1,565 species): 39% of the native flora (618 species) is of conservation concern, 11% (171 species) is rare to uncommon, 11% (171 taxa) is thought to be historical, and 3% (57 species) is thought to be extirpated. In addition, 5% (76 species) of the states native flora is known from only a single occurrence or population. Species are rare, or become rare, due to a variety of reasons, but rarity is primarily a result of the loss of habitat, such as the draining and filling of wetlands and the destruction and development of upland forests. The DNHP hopes that this list will be used to facilitate efforts towards the conservation and protection of Delaware's rare native plants.

Taxa listed are arranged alphabetically by scientific name. Nomenclature for scientific and common names follows: W. McAvoy and K. Bennett, The Flora of Delaware, an Annotated Checklist, published by the Delaware Natural Heritage Program (2001). For clarification, synonyms are given where appropriate and are listed in parentheses below the currently accepted name.

Delaware's list of Rare Native Plants is dynamic, and is updated every other year as new data are collected through field surveys and research. Listed species may be determined to be more frequent than previously documented, or conversely, species thought to be common become rare, species ranked as historical are often rediscovered, and new additions to the state flora are occasionally found.

The DNHP is recognized as the lead state agency for the identification and ranking of Delaware's native flora. Information on the biology/ecology and status of plants in the state are obtained from a variety of sources, such as: herbaria and private collections, published and unpublished scientific literature and reports, knowledgeable professional and amateur botanists, and from field work conducted by the staff of the Delaware Natural Heritage Program. Users of this list are encouraged to report new discoveries of any species found on this list, and to comment or make recommendations regarding ranks, additions or deletions. A rare species reporting form is found on the last page of this document. You can actively participate in protecting Delaware's rare native plants by contacting the Delaware Natural Heritage Program with rare species information at (302) 653-2880.

RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF DELAWARE

Scientific Name	Common Name	State Rank	Global Rank
Acer saccharum	sugar maple	S3	G5
Acorus americanus	American sweetflag	SH	G5
Actaea pachypoda	white baneberry	S1	G5
Adiantum pedatum	northern maidenhair-fern	S3	G5
Adlumia fungosa	climbing fumitory	SX	G4
Aeschynomene virginica	sensitive joint-vetch	SX	G2
Agalinis fasciculata	fascicled false-foxglove	SH	G5
(Agalinis virgata)
Agalinis linifolia	flaxleaf false-foxglove	S1.1	G4?
Agalinis maritima	saltmarsh false-foxglove	S3	G5
Agalinis obtusifolia	ten-lobe false-foxglove	SH	G4G5Q
Agalinis setacea	thread-leaved gerardia	S1	G5?
Agalinis tenuifolia	slender false-foxglove	S1	G5
Agastache nepetoides	yellow giant hyssop	S2	G5
Agastache scrophulariifolia	purple giant hyssop	SH	G4
Ageratina aromatica	lesser snakeroot	SH	G4G5T?
(Eupatorium aromaticum)
Agrimonia gryposepala	tall hairy groovebur	S1	G5
Agrimonia pubescens	soft groovebur	S3	G5
Agrimonia rostellata	woodland agrimony	S2	G5
Agrimonia striata	roadside agrimony	S1	G5
Aletris farinosa	white-tubed colicroot	S3	G5
Allium tricoccum	small white leek	S3	G5
Alnus maritima	seaside alder	S3	G3
Amaranthus pumilus	seabeach amaranth	S1.1	G2
Amelanchier obovalis	obovate coastal juneberry	SH	G4G5
Amianthium muscitoxicum	fly-poison	S2	G4G5
Ammannia coccinea	toothcup ammannia	SH	G5
(Ammannia teres)
Amphicarpum purshii	blue maiden-cane	S2	G4
Anagallis minima	chaffweed	SH	G5
Anaphalis margaritacea	pearly everlasting	SH	G5
Andropogon gerardii	big bluestem	S3	G5
Anemone virginiana	Virginia anemone	S3	G5
Angelica atropurpurea	great Angelica	S1.1	G5
Angelica venenosa	hairy Angelica	S2	G5
Antennaria howellii ssp. neodioica	pussytoes	S1	G4G5T?
(Antennaria neodioica)
Aplectrum hyemale	puttyroot	S2	G5
Apocynum androsaemifolium	spreading dogbane	S1	G5
Apocynum sibiricum	clasping-leaved dogbane	SH	G5?
Aquilegia canadensis	wild columbine	S2	G5
Arabis canadensis	sicklepod	S2	G5
Arabis drummondii	Drummond's rockcress	SH	G5
Arabis glabra	tower-mustard	SH	G5
Arabis laevigata	smooth rock-cress	S1	G5T5
Arabis lyrata	lyre-leaf rockcress	S1	G5
Aralia racemosa	American spikenard	S3	G5
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi	bearberry	S1.1	G5
Arethusa bulbosa	dragon's mouth orchid	SH	G4
Arisaema dracontium	green dragon	S2	G5
Aristida lanosa	woolly three-awn	SH	G5
Aristida virgata	wand-like three-awn grass	S1	G5T4T5
Aristolochia serpentaria	Virginia snakeroot	S3	G5
Arnica acaulis	leopard's-bane	SH	G5
Arnoglossum atriplicifolium	pale Indian-plantain	S1	G4G5
(Cacalia atriplicifolia)
Aronia melanocarpa	black chokeberry	SH	G5
Aronia prunifolia	purple chokeberry	S1	G4G5Q
(Aronia x prunifolia)
Asclepias exaltata	poke milkweed	S2	G5
Asclepias incarnata ssp. incarnata	marsh milkweed	SH	G5T5
Asclepias lanceolata	smooth orange milkweed	S1	G5
Asclepias longifolia	long-leaf milkweed	SX	G4G5
Asclepias purpurascens	purple milkweed	S2	G4G5
Asclepias quadrifolia	four-leaved milkweed	SH	G5
Asclepias rubra	red milkweed	S1	G4G5
Asclepias variegata	white milkweed	S1	G5
Asclepias verticillata	whorled milkweed	SH	G5
Asplenium rhizophyllum	walking-fern spleenwort	SX	G5
Asplenium trichomanes	maidenhair spleenwort	S1.1	G5T5
Aster concolor	eastern silvery aster	SH	G4?
Aster dumosus	bushy aster	S1	G5
Aster ericoides	white heath aster	SH	G5
Aster fragilis	small white aster	S3	G4G5
(Aster vimineus)
Aster gracilis	slender aster	S3	G4
Aster laevis	smooth blue aster	S1.1	G5
Aster nemoralis	bog aster	SX	G5
Aster prenanthoides	crooked-stem aster	S1	G4G5
Aster radula	rough-leaf aster	SH	G5
Aster schreberi	Schreber's aster	S2	G4
Aster spectabilis	showy aster	S1	G5
Aster umbellatus	flat-top white aster	S1	G5
Atriplex arenaria	seabeach orach	S3	G5
Aureolaria flava	yellow false-foxglove	S1	G5T?
Aureolaria pedicularia	fernleaf yellow false-foxglove	S1	G5T4
Bartonia paniculata	twining bartonia	S2	G5T5
Betula populifolia	gray birch	S3	G5
Bidens bidentoides	Maryland bur-marigold	S1	G3
Bidens connata	purple-stem swamp beggar-ticks	S3	G5
Bidens coronata	tickseed sunflower	S3	G5
Bidens mitis	small-fruit beggar-ticks	S2	G4?
Bidens vulgata	tall bur-marigold	S1.1	G5
Blephilia ciliata	downy woodmint	SH	G5
Blephilia hirsuta	hairy woodmint	SH	G5?
Boltonia asteroides	aster-like boltonia	S2	G5
Botrychium matricariifolium	chamomile grape-fern	S1	G5
Botrychium oneidense	blunt-lobe grape-fern	S1.1	G4Q
Brachyelytrum erectum	bearded short-husk	S3	G5
Brasenia schreberi	watershield	S3	G5
Bromus latiglumis	riverbank brome	S1.1	G5
(Bromus altissimus)
Bromus pubescens	hairy wood brome grass	S2	G5Q
Buchnera americana	bluehearts	SH	G5?
Calamagrostis canadensis	blue-joint reedgrass	S1	G5
Callitriche palustris	vernal water-starwort	S3	G5
Callitriche terrestris	terrestrial water-starwort	S3	G5
Calopogon tuberosus	tuberous grass-pink	S1	G5
Caltha palustris	marsh marigold	S2	G5
Calystegia spithamaea	low bindweed	S1	G4G5T?
Campanula aparinoides	marsh bellflower	S2	G5
Cardamine angustata	slender toothwort	S2	G5
(Dentaria heterophylla)
Cardamine longii	Long's bitter-cress	S1	G3Q
Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola	small-flower bitter-cress	S3	G5T?
Cardamine rotundifolia	roundleaf water cress	S1.1	G4
Carex aggregata	glomerate sedge	S3	G5
(Carex sparganioides var. aggregata)
Carex argyrantha	hay sedge	SH	G5
Carex barrattii	Barratt's sedge	S3	G3G4
Carex bicknellii	Bicknel's sedge	SX	G5
Carex brevior	fescue sedge	SX	G5?
Carex bromoides	brome-like sedge	S1	G5
Carex bullata	button sedge	S3	G5
Carex bushii	Bush's sedge	S2	G4
Carex buxbaumii	Buxbaum's sedge	S1.1	G5
Carex collinsii	Collins' sedge	S3	G4
Carex communis	fibrous-root sedge	S3	G5
Carex conoidea	field sedge	SH	G4
Carex cristatella	crested sedge	SH	G5
Carex davisii	Davis' sedge	S1	G4
Carex decomposita	cypress-knee sedge	S1	G3
Carex emoryi	Emory's sedge	S1.1	G5
Carex exilis	coast sedge	S1	G5
Carex gigantea	giant sedge	S3	G4
Carex gracilescens	slender sedge	S2	G5?
Carex gracillima	graceful sedge	S3	G5
Carex granularis	meadow sedge	S2	G5
Carex grisea	a sedge	S1	G5T?
Carex gynandra	sedge	S2	G5
Carex hirtifolia	pubescent sedge	S3	G5
Carex joorii	cypress-swamp sedge	S2	G4G5
Carex lacustris	lake-bank sedge	S1	G5
Carex leptalea ssp. harperi	Coastal Plain bristly-stalk sedge	S3	G5T?
Carex leptalea ssp. leptalea	Piedmont bristly-stalk sedge	S1	G5T?
Carex limosa	mud sedge	SX	G5
Carex lupuliformis	false hop sedge	S1	G3G4
Carex meadii	Mead's sedge	SH	G4G5
Carex mitchelliana	Mitchell's sedge	S2	G3G4
Carex molesta	troublesome sedge	SH	G4
Carex oligocarpa	eastern few-fruit sedge	SH	G4
Carex pedunculata	longstalk sedge	SH	G5
Carex pellita	woolly sedge	S2	G5
Carex planispicata	sedge	S1.1	G4Q
Carex polymorpha	variable sedge	SX	G3
Carex retroflexa	reflexed sedge	S1	G5
Carex scabrata	rough sedge	S1	G5
Carex silicea	seabeach sedge	S3	G5
Carex sparganioides	bur-reed sedge	S2	G5
Carex sprengelii	longbeak sedge	SH	G5?
Carex squarrosa	squarrose sedge	S2	G4G5
Carex straminea	straw sedge	S1	G5
Carex striatula	lined sedge	S1	G4G5
Carex torta	twisted sedge	S2	G5
Carex trichocarpa	hairy-fruit sedge	S2	G4
Carex trisperma	three-seed sedge	SH	G5
Carex typhina	cat-tail sedge	S3	G5
Carex utriculata	sedge	SH	G5
Carex venusta var. minor	dark green sedge	S2	G4T4
Carex vesicaria	inflated sedge	S1.1	G5T?
Carex vestita	velvety sedge	S1	G5
Carex willdenowii	Willdenow's sedge	S1.1	G5
Castanea dentata	American chestnut	S3	G4
Castanea pumila	Allegheny chinquapin	S3	G5T5?
Castilleja coccinea	scarlet Indian-paintbrush	SX	G5
Caulophyllum thalictroides	blue cohosh	S3	G5
Ceanothus americanus	New Jersey tea	S2	G5
Celastrus scandens	climbing bittersweet	S1	G5
Centella erecta	erect coinleaf	S3	G5
Centrosema virginianum	coastal butterfly-pea	SH	G5
Cerastium arvense var. villosum	mouse-ear chickweed	S1	G5T4?
Cerastium nutans	nodding chickweed	S1	G5
Ceratophyllum echinatum	prickly hornwort	S3	G4?
Cercis canadensis	eastern redbud	SH	G5T?
Chaerophyllum procumbens	spreading chervil	S2	G5T?
Chamaedaphne calyculata var. angustifolia	leatherleaf	SH	G5T?
Chamaelirium luteum	devil's-bit	S1	G5
Chasmanthium latifolium	Indian sea-oats	SH	G5
Cheilanthes lanosa	hairy lipfern	SX	G5
Chimaphila umbellata ssp. cisatlantica	common wintergreen	S2	G5T5
Cicuta bulbifera	bulb-bearing water-hemlock	S1	G5
Cirsium altissimum	tall thistle	SH	G5
Cirsium muticum	swamp thistle	SH	G5
Cirsium virginianum	Virginia thistle	SX	G3
Cleistes divaricata	spreading pogonia	SX	G4
Clematis occidentalis	purple clematis	SX	G5T5
Clematis viorna	vase-vine leatherflower	SX	G5
Clitoria mariana	Maryland butterfly-pea	S2	G5
Coelorachis rugosa	wrinkled jointgrass	S1	G5
(Manisuris rugosa)
Commelina erecta	slender dayflower	S1	G5T5
(Includes variety angustifolia)
Commelina virginica	Virginia day-flower	S1	G5
Comptonia peregrina	sweet fern	S1	G5
Conoclinium coelestinum	mist-flower	S3	G5
(Eupatorium coelestinum)
Conopholis americana	squaw-root	S2	G5
Corallorhiza maculata	spotted coralroot	SH	G5
Corallorhiza odontorhiza	autumn coral-root	S1	G5
Corallorhiza wisteriana	spring coralroot	SH	G5
Coreopsis rosea	rose coreopsis	S1	G3
Cornus alternifolia	alternate-leaf dogwood	S3	G5
Cornus foemina	marsh dogwood	S2	G5
(Cornus stricta)
Cornus racemosa	stiff dogwood	SH	G5?
(Cornus foemina ssp. racemosa)
Cornus sericea	red-osier dogwood	SH	G5
Corydalis flavula	yellow corydalis	S1.1	G5
Corylus cornuta	beaked hazelnut	S1.1	G5T5
Crataegus punctata	dotted hawthorn	SH	G5
Crataegus viridis	green hawthorn	SH	G5
Cunila origanoides	common dittany	S2	G5
Cuphea viscosissima	blue waxweed	S2	G5?
Cuscuta polygonorum	smartweed dodder	S1.1	G5
Cynoglossum virginianum	wild comfrey	S3	G5T5
Cyperus compressus	poorland flatsedge	SH	G5
Cyperus dentatus	toothed sedge	SH	G4
Cyperus diandrus	umbrella flatsedge	S1	G5
Cyperus engelmannii	Engelmann's umbrella-sedge	S2	G4Q
Cyperus hystricinus	flatsedge	SH	G4
Cyperus lancastriensis	Lancaster's flatsedge	SH	G5
Cyperus plukenetii	Plukenet's cyperus	SH	G5
Cyperus refractus	abruptly bent backed flatsedge	S2	G5
Cyperus retrofractus	rough flatsedge	SH	G5
Cyperus squarrosus	umbrella-sedge	S1.1	G5
(Cyperus aristatus)
Cypripedium pubescens	large yellow lady's-slipper	S1	G5
Cystopteris protrusa	lowland brittle fern	S2	G5
(Cystopteris fragilis var. protrusa)
Cystopteris tennesseensis	Tennessee bladderfern	S1.1	G5
Cystopteris tenuis	bladderfern	S2	G4G5
(Cystopteris fragilis var. mackayi)
Danthonia compressa	flattened oatgrass	S1	G5
Danthonia sericea	silky oat-grass	S3	G5?
Decumaria barbara	climbing hydrangea	S1.1	G5
Desmodium canadense	showy tick-trefoil	SH	G5
Desmodium canescens	hoary tick-trefoil	S1	G5
Desmodium cuspidatum	toothed tick-trefoil	SH	G5T?
Desmodium glabellum	Dillen's tick-trefoil	S1	G5
Desmodium glutinosum	large tick-trefoil	S2	G5
Desmodium humifusum	trailing tick-trefoil	SH	G1G2Q
Desmodium laevigatum	smooth tick-trefoil	S3	G5
Desmodium nuttallii	Nuttall's tick-trefoil	S3	G5
Desmodium obtusum	stiff tick-trefoil	S1	G4G5
Desmodium ochroleucum	creamflower tick-trefoil	SH	G2G3
Desmodium rotundifolium	prostrate tick-trefoil	S3	G5
Desmodium strictum	pineland tick-trefoil	S2	G4
Dichanthelium aciculare	needle-leaf witchgrass	S1	G4G5
Dichanthelium columbianum	hemlock panicgrass	S1	G5
Dichanthelium dichotomum var. 2 (= ramulosum)	panic grass	SH	G?
Dichanthelium dichotomum var. 3 (= roanokense)	panic grass	S3	G?
Dichanthelium dichotomum var. 4 (= yadkinense)	panic grass	S1	G?
Dichanthelium dichotomum var. tenue	panic grass	SH	G5T?
Dichanthelium hirstii	Hirst's panic grass	S1.1	G1
Dichanthelium linearifolium	slim-leaf witchgrass	SH	G5
Dichanthelium longiligulatum	long-ligule witchgrass	SH	G4G5Q
Dichanthelium oligosanthes	Heller's witchgrass	S1	G5T5?
(Includes variety scribnerianum)
Dichanthelium ravenelii	Ravenel's witchgrass	S2	G5
Dichanthelium scabriusculum	panic grass	S1	G4
Dichanthelium villosissimum	white-hair witchgrass	SH	G5T5
Dichanthelium wrightianum	Wright's witchgrass	S2	G4
Diervilla lonicera	northern bush-honeysuckle	S1	G5
Diphasiastrum tristachyum	deep-root clubmoss	S3	G5
(Lycopodium tristachyum)
Diplazium pycnocarpon	glade fern	S1.1	G5
Dirca palustris	eastern leatherwood	S1.1	G4
Doellingeria umbellata	cornel-leaf aster	S1	G5
(Aster infirmus)
Drosera capillaris	pink sundew	S1.1	G5
Drosera filiformis	thread-leaf sundew	SX	G5
Drosera rotundifolia	roundleaf sundew	S2	G5
Dryopteris celsa	log fern	S1	G4
Dryopteris clintoniana	Clinton's wood fern	S1.1	G5
Dryopteris goldiana	Goldie's wood fern	S1	G4
Dryopteris marginalis	marginal wood fern	S3	G5
Echinochloa muricata	rough barnyard grass	S3	G5
Echinodorus parvulus	American dwarf burhead	SX	G3
Elatine americana	American water-wort	S2	G4
Elatine minima	small water-wort	S1	G5
Eleocharis acicularis	least spike-rush	S3	G5
Eleocharis brittonii	Britton's spike-rush	S1.1	G4G5
Eleocharis equisetoides	horse-tail spike-rush	S2	G4
Eleocharis erythropoda	bald spike-rush	S1	G5
Eleocharis fallax	creeping spike-rush	S3	G4G5
Eleocharis flavescens	pale spike-rush	SH	G5T?
Eleocharis halophila	saltmarsh spike-rush	SH	G4
Eleocharis melanocarpa	black-fruited spike-rush	S2	G4
Eleocharis quadrangulata	squarestem spike-rush	S3	G4
Eleocharis robbinsii	Robbins spike-rush	S3	G4G5
Eleocharis rostellata	beaked spike-rush	S1	G5
Eleocharis tortilis	twisted spike-rush	S3	G5
Eleocharis tricostata	three-angle spike-rush	S1	G4
Elymus hystrix	bottle-brush grass	S2	G5
Elymus virginicus var. halophilus	salt loving Virginia wild-rye	SH	G5T?
Epilobium angustifolium	purple fireweed	SH	G5
Epilobium ciliatum	hairy willow-herb	S1.1	G5T?
Equisetum fluviatile	water horsetail	S1	G5
Equisetum hyemale ssp. affine	rough horsetail	S1	G5T5
Equisetum sylvaticum	woodland horsetail	S1	G5
Eragrostis hypnoides	teal love-grass	S1	G5
Eragrostis refracta	meadow love-grass	S3	G5
Eriocaulon aquaticum	seven-angled pipewort	S2	G5
(Eriocaulon septangulare)
Eriocaulon compressum	flattened pipewort	S2	G5
Eriocaulon decangulare	ten-angle pipewort	S1	G5
Eriocaulon parkeri	Parker's pipewort	S2	G3
Eriophorum gracile	slender cotton-grass	SX	G5T?
Eriophorum virginicum	tawny cotton-grass	S1	G5
Eryngium aquaticum	marsh rattlesnake master	S2	G4T4?
Euonymus atropurpurea	wahoo	S1	G5
Eupatorium album	white thoroughwort	S3	G5
Eupatorium leucolepis	white-bract thoroughwort	S3	G5
Eupatorium purpureum	sweet Joe-Pye weed	S3	G5
Eupatorium resinosum	pine barren boneset	SX	G3
Eupatorium serotinum	late-flowering thoroughwort	S3	G5
Eupatorium sessilifolium	upland boneset	S1	G5T?
Eupatorium vaseyi	Vasey's white thoroughwort	SH	G5
(Eupatorium album var. monardifolium)
Euphorbia purpurea	glade spurge	S1.1	G3
Euthamia tenuifolia var. microcephala	tiny headed goldenrod	S3	G5T?
Festuca paradoxa	paradoxial fescue	SX	G5
Fimbristylis annua	annual fimbry	SX	G5
Fimbristylis caroliniana	Carolina fimbry	S3	G4
Fimbristylis perpusilla	Harper's fimbristylis	S1	G2
Fraxinus nigra	black ash	S2	G5
Fuirena pumila	dwarf umbrella-sedge	S3	G4
Fuirena squarrosa	hairy umbrella-sedge	S3	G4G5
Galactia regularis	eastern milk-pea	S3	G5
Galactia volubilis	downy milkpea	S3	G5
Galearis spectabilis	showy orchis	S3	G5
(Orchis spectabilis)
Galium asprellum	rough bedstraw	S1	G5
Galium boreale	northern bedstraw	SH	G5
Galium hispidulum	coast bedstraw	SH	G5
Galium lanceolatum	Torrey's wild licorice	S2	G5
Gaura biennis	biennial gaura	SH	G5
Gaylussacia brachycera	box huckleberry	S1	G2G3
Gaylussacia dumosa var. bigeloviana	dwarf huckleberry	SH	G5T4T5
Gentiana andrewsii	fringe-top bottle gentian	S1	G4
Gentiana autumnalis	pine barren gentian	SX	G3
Gentiana catesbaei	Elliott's gentian	S3	G5
Gentiana saponaria	soapwort gentian	S3	G5
Gentiana villosa	striped gentian	SH	G4
Gentianopsis crinita	fringed gentian	SX	G4
Geum laciniatum	rough avens	S2	G5T?
Geum vernum	spring avens	S3	G5
Geum virginianum	pale avens	S1	G5
Glyceria acutiflora	sharp-scaled manna-grass	S2	G5
Glyceria canadensis	Canada manna-grass	S1	G5
Glyceria grandis	American mannagrass	S1.1	G5
Glyceria laxa	northern mannagrass	SH	G5
(Glyceria canadensis var. laxa)
Gratiola aurea	golden hedge-hyssop	S3	G5
Gratiola ramosa	branching hedge-hyssop	S1.1	G4G5
Gratiola viscidula	Short's hedge-hyssop	SH	G4G5
Gymnopogon ambiguus	broadleaf beardgrass	S1	G4
Gymnopogon brevifolius	broadleaf beardgrass	SH	G5
Helianthemum bicknellii	plains frostweed	SX	G5
Helianthemum propinquum	low frostweed	S3	G4
Helianthus angustifolius	swamp sunflower	S3	G5
Helianthus decapetalus	thin-leaved sunflower	S3	G5
Helianthus divaricatus	woodland sunflower	S1	G5
Helianthus giganteus	tall sunflower	S3	G5
Helianthus strumosus	pale-leaf sunflower	SH	G5
Heliopsis helianthoides	ox-eye	S1	G5
Helonias bullata	swamp-pink	S2	G3
Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa	roundlobed hepatica	S3	G5T5
(Hepatica americana)
Heracleum maximum	cow parsnip	S3	G5
(Heracleum lanatum)
Heteranthera dubia	grassleaf mud-plantain	S1	G5
Heteranthera multiflora	multiflowered mud-plantain	S1	G4
Hierochloe odorata	holy grass	S1.1	G5T?
Honckenya peploides ssp. robusta	seabeach sandwort	SH	G5T4
Hottonia inflata	featherfoil	S2	G4
Houstonia purpurea	purple bluet	S1	G5
(Hedyotis purpurea)
Hudsonia ericoides	golden-heather	S1	G4
Hybanthus concolor	green violet	S1	G5
Hydrangea arborescens	wild hydrangea	SH	G5
Hydrastis canadensis	golden-seal	S2	G4
Hypericum adpressum	creeping St. John's-wort	S2	G2G3
Hypericum boreale	northern St. John's-wort	S1	G5
Hypericum densiflorum	bushy St. John's-wort	S2	G5
Hypericum denticulatum	coppery St. John's-wort	S2	G5
Hypericum drummondii	Drummond's St. John's-wort	S1.1	G5
Hypericum ellipticum	pale St. John's-wort	SH	G5
Hypericum gymnanthum	clasping-leaved St. John's wort	S3	G5
Hypericum majus	larger Canadian St. John's wort	SX	G5
Hypericum prolificum	shrubby St. John's-wort	S1.1	G5
Hypoxis hirsuta	eastern yellow stargrass	S3	G5
Ilex laevigata	smooth winterberry holly	S3	G5
Ionactis linariifolius	flaxleaf aster	S2	G5
(Aster linariifolius)
Iris prismatica	slender blue flag	S2	G4G5
Isoetes echinospora	spiny-spored quillwort	S1.1	G5?
Isoetes engelmannii	Engelmann's quillwort	S2	G4
Isoetes riparia	riverbank quillwort	S1	G4
Isoetes valida	a quillwort	SH	G4?
Isotria medeoloides	small whorled pogonia	S1.1	G2G3
Isotria verticillata	large whorled pogonia	S2	G5
Juglans cinerea	butternut	S3	G3G4
Juncus coriaceus	leathery rush	S3	G5
Juncus elliottii	bog rush	SX	G4G5
Juncus militaris	bayonet rush	S2	G4
Juncus nodosus	knotted rush	SH	G5T?
Juncus pelocarpus	brown-fruited rush	S2	G5
Juncus secundus	secund rush	S3	G5
Juncus subcaudatus	subcaudate rush	S1	G5
Juncus torreyi	Torrey's rush	S1	G5
Kalmia angustifolia	sheep-laurel	S2	G5
Koeleria macrantha	prairie Junegrass	SH	G5
Krigia biflora	two-flowered dwarf dandelion	SH	G5
Kyllinga pumila	thinleaf flatsedge	SH	G5
(Cyperus tenuifolius)
Lachnanthes caroliana	Carolina redroot	S1	G4
Lactuca floridana	woodland lettuce	S2	G5T?
(Includes variety villosa)
Lathyrus palustris	vetchling peavine	SH	G5
Lechea mucronata	hairy pinweed	S2	G5
(Lechea villosa)
Lespedeza angustifolia	narrowleaf bushclover	S3	G5
Lespedeza hirta	hairy bush-clover	S3	G5
Lespedeza stuevei	tall bush-clover	S3	G4?
Liatris graminifolia	grassleaf gayfeather	S1	G5
Liatris scariosa	round-head gayfeather	SH	G5?T?
Liatris spicata	blazing star	S1.1	G5T?
Liatris squarrosa	northern blazing star	SH	G5
Lilium canadense	Canada lily	S2	G5T4?
Lilium philadelphicum	wood lily	SX	G5T?
Limnobium spongia	American frog's-bit	S1	G5
Limosella australis	mudwort	SX	G4G5
Lindernia dubia var. inundata	false-pimpernel	SH	G5T4Q
Linum intercursum	sandplain flax	S1.1	G4
Liparis liliifolia	large twayblade	S2	G5
Listera australis	southern twayblade	S3	G4
Lobelia boykinii	Boykin's lobelia	SX	G2G3
Lobelia canbyi	Canby's lobelia	S2	G4
Lobelia elongata	elongated lobelia	S1	G4G5
Lobelia spicata	pale-spiked lobelia	S2	G5T?
(Includes variety campanulata)
Lonicera sempervirens	trumpet honeysuckle	S3	G5
Lophiola aurea	golden crest	SX	G4
Ludwigia hirtella	hairy ludwigia	S1	G5
Ludwigia linearis	narrow-leaf seedbox	S3	G5
Lupinus perennis	purple lupine	S1	G5T4?
Luzula acuminata	hairy wood rush	S1	G5T?
Lycopodiella alopecuroides	foxtail clubmoss	S3	G5
(Lycopodium alopecuroides)
Lycopodiella appressa	creeping clubmoss	S3	G5
(Lycopodium adpressum)
Lycopodium clavatum	running pine	S3	G5
Lycopus amplectens	sessile-leaved bugleweed	S2	G5
Lygodium palmatum	climbing fern	SX	G4
Lyonia mariana	stagger-bush	S2	G5
Lysimachia hybrida	false-hybrid loosestrife	S2	G5
Malaxis unifolia	green adder's-mouth	S1	G5
Malus angustifolia	southern crabapple	S3	G5
Matelea carolinensis	Carolina anglepod	S2	G4
Mecardonia acuminata	purple mecardonia	S1	G5
Melampyrum lineare var. pectinatum	cow-wheat	S3	G5T5
Melanthium latifolium	broadleaf bunchflower	SH	G5
Melanthium virginicum	Virginia bunchflower	S2	G5
Mentha canadensis	Canadian mint	S3	G5
Menyanthes trifoliata	bog buckbean	SX	G5
Mertensia virginica	Virginia bluebells	S3	G5
Micranthemum micranthemoides	Nuttall's micranthemum	SX	GH
Minuartia caroliniana	pine barren sandwort	S1.1	G5
Minuartia michauxii	rock sandwort	SX	G5
(Arenaria stricta)
Mitella diphylla	two-leaf Bishop's-cap	S2	G5
Monarda clinopodia	basil bee-balm	S2	G5
Monarda fistulosa	wild bergamot bee-balm	S1.1	G5
Monotropa hypopithys	American pinesap	S2	G5
Monotropsis odorata	sweet pinesap	SH	G3
Muhlenbergia capillaris	long-awn hairgrass	SH	G5
Muhlenbergia mexicana	satin grass	SH	G5
Muhlenbergia sobolifera	cliff muhly	S2	G5
Muhlenbergia sylvatica	woodland muhly	SH	G5
Muhlenbergia tenuifolia	slender muhly	S2	G5
Muhlenbergia torreyana	Torrey's dropseed	SX	G3
Myosotis laxa	small forget-me-not	S3	G5
Myosotis verna	spring forget-me-not	SH	G5
Myrica cerifera var. pumila	dwarf bayberry	SH	G5T?
Myrica heterophylla	evergreen bayberry	S1	G5
Myriophyllum heterophyllum	broadleaf water-milfoil	S1	G5
Myriophyllum humile	low water-milfoil	S3	G5
Myriophyllum pinnatum	cutleaf water-milfoil	S2	G5
Myriophyllum verticillatum	whorled water-milfoil	SH	G5
Najas gracillima	thread-like naiad	S1	G5?
Najas guadalupensis	southern naiad	SH	G5T?
Narthecium americanum	bog asphodel	SX	G2
Nelumbo lutea	American lotus	S1.1	G4
Nuphar variegata	variegated pondlily	SH	G5T5
(Nuphar lutea ssp. variegata)
Nymphoides aquatica	big floating-heart	S1	G5
Nymphoides cordata	floating-heart	S1	G5
Obolaria virginica	Virginia pennywort	S3	G5
Oenothera fruticosa	sundrops	S3	G5
Oenothera humifusa	seabeach evening primrose	S3	G5
Oenothera perennis	small sundrops	S1.1	G5
Oldenlandia uniflora	clustered bluets	S3	G5
(Hedyotis uniflora)
Onosmodium virginianum	Virginia false-gromwell	SH	G4
Ophioglossum pusillum	northern adder's tongue	SH	G5
(Ophioglossum vulgatum var. pseudopodum)
Ophioglossum vulgatum	southern adder's-tongue	S2	G5
(Ophioglossum pycnostichum)
Orobanche uniflora	one-flowered broomrape	S2	G5
Orthilia secunda	one-side wintergreen	SH	G5
(Pyrola secunda)
Oryzopsis racemosa	black-fruit mountain-ricegrass	SH	G5
Osmorhiza claytonii	anise flavored sweet-Cicely	S3	G5
Osmunda claytoniana	interrupted fern	S3	G5
Ostrya virginiana	eastern hop-hornbeam	S2	G5
Oxypolis canbyi	Canby's dropwort	SX	G2
Panax quinquefolius	American ginseng	S2	G4
Panicum hemitomon	maidencane	S2	G5?
Panicum philadelphicum	Philadelphia panic grass	S1.1	G5
Paronychia canadensis	forked nail-wort	S3	G5
Paronychia fastigiata	cluster-stemmed nail-wort	S2	G5T5
(Includes variety paleacea)
Paspalum dissectum	Walter's paspalum	S3	G4?
Passiflora lutea	yellow passion-flower	S3	G5
Pedicularis canadensis	early wood lousewort	S2	G5
Pedicularis lanceolata	swamp lousewort	SH	G5
Pellaea atropurpurea	purple-stem cliff-brake	S1	G5
Penstemon hirsutus	hairy beardtongue	SH	G4
Penstemon laevigatus	smooth beardtongue	SH	G5
Penthorum sedoides	ditch-stonecrop	S3	G5
Persea palustris	red bay	SH	G5
Phacelia dubia	small-flower scorpionweed	SH	G5
Phaseolus polystachios	wild kidney bean	SH	G4
Phlox maculata	spotted phlox	S1	G5T?
Phlox pilosa	downy phlox	SX	G5T5
Phyla lanceolata	fog-fruit	S1	G5
Physalis angulata	cutleaf ground-cherry	SH	G5
Physalis virginiana	Virginia ground-cherry	SH	G5
Physocarpus opulifolius	eastern ninebark	SH	G5T?
Pinus echinata	shortleaf pine	S3	G5
Pinus serotina	pond pine	S3	G5
Piptochaetium avenaceum	blackseed needlegrass	S3	G5
(Stipa avenacea)
Pityopsis graminifolia var. latifolia	grassleaf golden aster	SH	G5
Platanthera blephariglottis	white-fringe orchis	S1	G4G5T3T4
Platanthera ciliaris	yellow-fringe orchid	SH	G5
Platanthera cristata	yellow-crested orchis	S3	G5
Platanthera flava var. herbiola	southern rein-orchid	S1	G4T4Q
Platanthera grandiflora	large purple-fringe orchis	SX	G5
Platanthera lacera	green-fringe orchis	S3	G5
Platanthera nivea	snowy orchis	SH	G5
Platanthera peramoena	purple fringeless orchid	S1.1	G5
Platanthera psycodes	small purple-fringe orchis	SH	G5
Pleopeltis polypodioides ssp. michauxiana	resurrection fern	SX	G5T5
(Polypodium polypodioides var. michauxianum)
Pluchea camphorata	marsh fleabane	SH	G5
Poa chapmaniana	Chapman's bluegrass	SH	G5
Poa cuspidata	bluegrass	S2	G5
Poa palustris	fowl bluegrass	S1.1	G5
Podostemum ceratophyllum	threadfoot	S1.1	G5
Pogonia ophioglossoides	rose pogonia	S2	G5
Polygala ambigua	ambiguous milkwort	SH	G5T?
(Polygala verticillata var. ambigua)
Polygala cruciata var. aquilonia	crossleaf milkwort	S3	G5T4
Polygala cymosa	tall pine-barren milkwort	SX	G5
Polygala incarnata	pink milkwort	S1	G5
Polygala paucifolia	gay-wing milkwort	SX	G5
Polygala ramosa	low pinebarren milkwort	SX	G5
Polygala senega	Seneca snakeroot	SX	G4G5
Polygonatum biflorum var. commutatum	giant Solomon's seal	S2	G5T4?
(Polygonatum canaliculatum)
Polygonum careyi	Carey's smartweed	SH	G4
Polygonum densiflorum	dense-flower knotweed	S3	G5
Polygonum glaucum	seabeach knotweed	S1.1	G3
Polygonum ramosissimum	bushy knotweed	S1	G5
(Includes variety prolificum)
Polygonum tenue	slender knotweed	SH	G5
Polypodium virginianum	rock polypody	S3	G5
Porteranthus trifoliatus	Bowman's-root	SH	G4G5
Potamogeton foliosus	leafy pondweed	S3	G5
Potamogeton natans	floating pondweed	SH	G5
Potamogeton perfoliatus	clasping-leaf pondweed	SH	G5
Potamogeton pusillus	slender pondweed	S1	G5
Potamogeton robbinsii	flatleaf pondweed	SX	G5
Potamogeton spirillus	spiral pondweed	SX	G5
Prenanthes alba	white rattlesnake-root	SH	G5
Prenanthes autumnalis	slender rattlesnake-root	SH	G4G5
Prenanthes serpentaria	lion's-foot	S3	G5
Prunus americana	American plum	S3	G5
Prunus maritima	beach plum	S3	G4
Prunus virginiana	choke cherry	S1.1	G5
Puccinellia fasciculata	saltmarsh goosegrass	SH	GU
Pycnanthemum clinopodioides	basil mountain-mint	SH	G2
Pycnanthemum incanum	hoary mountain-mint	S1	G5T5
Pycnanthemum muticum	blunt mountain mint	S3	G5
Pycnanthemum setosum	awned mountain-mint	S3	G3?
Pycnanthemum torrei	Torrey's mountain mint	S1	G2
Pycnanthemum verticillatum	whorled mountain-mint	S2	G5T5?
Pyrola americana	American wintergreen	S2	G5
(Pyrola rotundifolia var. americana)
Pyrola chlorantha	greenish-flowered wintergreen	SH	G5
Pyrola elliptica	shinleaf	S2	G5
Pyrrhopappus carolinianus	Carolina false-dandelion	S3	G5
Quercus bicolor	swamp white oak	S3	G5
Quercus ilicifolia	scrub oak	SH	G5
Quercus lyrata	overcup oak	S3	G5
Quercus marilandica	blackjack oak	S3	G5
Quercus prinoides	dwarf chinquapin oak	S1	G5
Ranunculus ambigens	water-plantain spearwort	S1.1	G4
Ranunculus caricetorum	hispid buttercup	S1.1	G5T5
(Ranunculus septentrionalis)
Ranunculus flabellaris	yellow water-crowfoot	S1.1	G5
Ranunculus hispidus	bristly buttercup	S1.1	G5T5
Ranunculus laxicaulis	Mississippi buttercup	S1.1	G5?
Ranunculus longirostris	eastern white water-crowfoot	SX	G5
Ranunculus pensylvanicus	bristly crowfoot	S1.1	G5
Ranunculus pusillus	Pursh's buttercup	S3	G5
Rhexia aristosa	awned meadow beauty	S1	G3
Rhododendron atlanticum	dwarf azalea	S3	G5
Rhododendron canescens	hoary azalea	SH	G5
Rhynchosia tomentosa	hairy snoutbean	S1	G5T?
Rhynchospora alba	white beakrush	S2	G5

Rhynchospora cephalantha	capitate beak-rush	S3	G5T?
(includes the variety microcephala)
Rhynchospora chalarocephala	loose-head beak-rush	S3	G5
Rhynchospora corniculata	short-bristle horn-rush	S2	G5
Rhynchospora filifolia	thread-leaved beak-rush	S1.1	G5
Rhynchospora fusca	brown beak-rush	S2	G4G5
Rhynchospora globularis	globe beak-rush	S2	G5T5?
(Includes variety recognita)
Rhynchospora glomerata	clustered beak-rush	S2	G5T?
Rhynchospora harperi	Harper's beak-rush	S1	G4?
Rhynchospora inexpansa	nodding beak-rush	S1.1	G5
Rhynchospora inundata	drowned horn-rush	S1	G4
Rhynchospora knieskernii	Knieskern's beak-rush	SX	G1
Rhynchospora macrostachya var. colpophila	tall tidal beaked-rush	S1.1	G4T3T4
Rhynchospora nitens	short-beaked bald-rush	S1	G4
(Psilocarya nitens)
Rhynchospora oligantha	few-flowered beak-rush	SH	G4
Rhynchospora pallida	pale beak-rush	SH	G3
Rhynchospora scirpoides	long-beaked bald-rush	S2	G4
(Psilocarya scirpoides)
Rhynchospora torreyana	Torrey's beak-rush	S2	G4
Ribes americanum	wild black currant	SH	G5
Rosa carolina	Carolina rose	SH	G5
Rosa virginiana	Virginia rose	SH	G5
Rotala ramosior	toothcup	S3	G5
Rubus odoratus	purple flowering raspberry	S1	G5
Rudbeckia fulgida var. fulgida	orange coneflower	S1	G5T?
Rudbeckia fulgida var. speciosa	orange coneflower	SH	G5T3T4
Ruellia caroliniensis	Carolina petunia	S1	G5
Ruellia strepens	smooth petunia	SH	G4G5
Rumex altissimus	pale dock	S1	G5
Sabatia campanulata	slender marsh pink	S1	G5
Sabatia difformis	two-formed pink	S1	G4G5
Sabatia dodecandra	large marsh pink	S1	G5?T?
Saccharum brevibarbe var. contortum	bent-awn plume grass	S3	G5
(Erianthus contortus)
Saccharum coarctatum	bunched plume grass	S3	G?
(Erianthus coarctatus; E. brevibarbis misapplied)
Sacciolepis striata	gibbous grass	S1	G5
Sagittaria calycina	spongy arrowhead	S2	G5T4
(Lophotocarpus spongiosus)
Sagittaria engelmanniana	Engelmann's arrowhead	S2	G5?
Sagittaria graminea	grassleaf arrowhead	S2	G5T5
Sagittaria lancifolia	bull-tongue arrowhead	S1.1	G5?
(Sagittaria falcata)
Sagittaria rigida	sessile-fruited arrowhead	SH	G5
Sagittaria subulata	strap-leaf arrowhead	S3	G4
Salicornia bigelovii	dwarf glasswort	S1	G5Q
Salicornia virginica	Virginia glasswort	S1	G5
Salix caroliniana	Carolina willow	SH	G5
Salix discolor	pussy willow	SH	G5
Salix eriocephala	heart-leaved willow	SH	G5
(Salix cordata)
Salix exigua	sandbar willow	SH	G5
(Salix interior)
Salix humilis var. humilis	tall prairie willow	S3	G5
Salix humilis var. tristis	dwarf willow	SH	G5T?
(Salix tristis)
Salix lucida	shining willow	SH	G5T?
Salix sericea	silky willow	S1	G5
Sanguisorba canadensis	Canada burnet	SH	G5
Sanicula marilandica	black snake-root	S1.1	G5
Sanicula trifoliata	large-fruited sanicle	S1.1	G4
Sarracenia purpurea	purple pitcher-plant	S3	G5T5
Saxifraga pensylvanica	swamp saxifrage	S1.1	G5
Schizachyrium littorale	keeled little bluestem	SH	G5T?
(Andropogon littoralis)
Schizaea pusilla	curly-grass fern	S1.1	G3
Schoenoplectus etuberculatus	Canby's bulrush	S1	G3G4
(Scirpus etuberculatus)
Schoenoplectus novae-angliae	brackish bulrush	S1	G5
(Scirpus cylindricus)
Schoenoplectus purshianus	weakstalk bulrush	S3	G4G5
(Scirpus purshianus)
Schoenoplectus smithii	Smith's bulrush	S1.1	G5?
(Scirpus smithii)
Schoenoplectus subterminalis	water bulrush	S2	G4G5
(Scirpus subterminalis)
Schwalbea americana	American chaffseed	SX	G2
Scirpus atrovirens	woolgrass bulrush	S1	G5?
Scirpus expansus	red-stem bulrush	S2	G4
Scirpus hattorianus	bulrush	S3	G5
Scirpus pendulus	pendulous bulrush	S1	G5
Scirpus polyphyllus	leafy bulrush	S3	G5
Scleria muehlenbergii	Muhlenberg's nutrush	S1	G5
Scleria pauciflora	few-flowered nutrush	S1	G5
Scleria reticularis	reticulated nutrush	S2	G3G4
Scleria triglomerata	whip nutrush	S1	G5
Sclerolepis uniflora	one-flower sclerolepis	S2	G4
Scrophularia lanceolata	Hare's figwort	SH	G5
Scutellaria galericulata	hooded skullcap	S1	G5
Scutellaria nervosa	veined skullcap	SH	G5
Scutellaria parvula var. leonardii	small skullcap	SH	G4T4
Scutellaria saxatilis	rock skullcap	SH	G3G4
Sedum ternatum	wood stonecrop	S3	G5
Selaginella rupestris	ledge spike-moss	SX	G5
Senecio anonymus	Small's ragwort	S1.1	G5
Senecio pauperculus	balsam ragweed	S1	G5
Senna hebecarpa	wild senna	S3	G5
(Cassia hebecarpa)
Senna marilandica	Maryland senna	SH	G5
(Cassia marilandica)
Sesuvium maritimum	Puerto Rico sea-purslane	SH	G5
Setaria magna	giant foxtail	S3	G5
Sideroxylon lycioides	buckthorn bumelia	S1.1	G5
(Bumelia lycioides)
Silene caroliniana ssp. pensylvanica	cardina pink	S1	G5T4
Silene virginica	fire pink	S1	G5
Sisyrinchium atlanticum	eastern blue-eyed-grass	S3	G5
Sisyrinchium mucronatum	Michaux's blue-eyed-grass	S1.1	G5
Smallanthus uvedalius	yellow-flowered leafcup	S3	G4G5
(Polymnia uvedalia)
Smilax bona-nox	saw greenbrier	S1	G5
Smilax pseudochina	long-stalk greenbrier	S2	G4G5
Smilax tamnoides	halberd-leaf greenbrier	S1	G5
(Smilax hispida)
Smilax walteri	Walter's greenbrier	S3	G5
Solidago arguta	cutleaf goldenrod	S1	G5T4
Solidago latissimifolia	Elliott's goldenrod	S1	G5
(Solidago elliottii)
Solidago patula	roundleaf goldenrod	S3	G5
Solidago squarrosa	squarrose goldenrod	SX	G4?Q
Solidago stricta	wandlike goldenrod	SX	G5
Solidago tarda	late goldenrod	S1.1	G4?Q
Solidago uliginosa	bog goldenrod	S1.1	G4G5T?
Solidago ulmifolia	elm-leaf goldenrod	S1	G5T?
Spartina pectinata	fresh water cordgrass	S1.1	G5
Sphenopholis obtusata	prairie wedgegrass	SH	G5
Sphenopholis pensylvanica	swamp wedgescale	S1	G4
Spiraea alba	narrow-leaf meadow-sweet	S1	G5T5
(Includes variety latifolia)
Spiranthes lacera var. gracilis	southern slender ladies'-tresses	S3	G5
Spiranthes lucida	shining ladies'-tresses	SH	G5
Spiranthes praecox	grassleaf ladies'-tresses	SH	G5
Spiranthes tuberosa	little ladies'-tresses	SH	G5
Spiranthes vernalis	twisted ladies'-tresses	S2	G5
Spirodela punctata	dotted water-flaxseed	S3	G5
Sporobolus clandestinus	rough dropseed	S1	G5
Sporobolus compositus	longleaf dropseed	SH	G5
(Sporobolus asper)
Stachys aspera	rough hedge-nettle	SH	G5T4?
(Stachys hyssopifolia var. ambigua)
Stachys hyssopifolia	hyssop-leaf hedge-nettle	S1	G5
Stachys tenuifolia	smooth hedge-nettle	S1.1	G5
Stellaria alsine	trailing stitchwort	S2	G5
Suaeda linearis	narrow-leaf seepweed	S3	G5
Taenidia integerrima	yellow pimpernell	S1.1	G5
Talinum teretifolium	round-leaved fame-flower	SX	G4
Tephrosia spicata	spiked hoary-pea	SH	G4G5
Thalictrum dioicum	early meadow-rue	S1	G5
Thalictrum revolutum	waxleaf meadow-rue	S1	G5
Thaspium barbinode	hairy-jointed meadow-parsnip	S1	G5
Thelypteris simulata	bog fern	S1	G4G5
Tofieldia racemosa	coastal false-asphodel	SX	G5
Torreyochloa pallida	pale manna grass	S3	G5
(Glyceria pallida)
Toxicodendron pubescens	poison oak	S3	G5
Toxicodendron vernix	poison sumac	S3	G5
Trachelospermum difforme	climbing dogbane	S1.1	G4G5
Tradescantia virginiana	Virginia spiderwort	S3	G5
Triadenum fraseri	northern marsh St. John's-wort	SH	G4G5
Trichophorum planifolium	bashful bulrush	S2	G5?
(Scirpus verecundus)
Trichostema setaceum	narrow-leavf blue-curls	S1	G5
Trientalis borealis	northern starflower	S1	G5T?
Trifolium carolinianum	Carolina clover	SH	G5
Triglochin striata	three-ribbed arrowgrass	SH	G5
Trillium cernuum	nodding trillium	S2	G5
Trillium erectum	ill-scented trillium	S1.1	G5
Triosteum angustifolium	yellow-leaf tinker's-weed	S1	G5
Triosteum aurantiacum	coffee tinker's-weed	S1	G5T?
Triosteum perfoliatum	perfoliate tinker's-weed	S1.1	G5
Triphora trianthophora	nodding pogonia	S1.1	G4
Typha domingensis	southern cattail	S1.1	G4G5
Utricularia biflora	two-flower bladderwort	S2	G5
Utricularia cornuta	horned bladderwort	SH	G5
Utricularia fibrosa	fibrous bladderwort	S2	G4G5
Utricularia geminiscapa	hidden-fruited bladderwort	S3	G5
Utricularia gibba	humped bladderwort	S3	G5
Utricularia inflata	swollen bladderwort	S1	G5
Utricularia juncea	southern bladderwort	S2	G5
Utricularia minor	lesser bladderwort	SX	G5
Utricularia purpurea	purple bladderwort	S1	G5
Utricularia radiata	small swollen bladderwort	S3	G4
Utricularia resupinata	northeastern bladderwort	S1	G4
Utricularia subulata	zigzag bladderwort	S3	G5
Vaccinium angustifolium	late lowbush blueberry	SH	G5
Vaccinium fuscatum (Vaccinium atrococcum)	black-berried highbush blueberry	S3	G5
Vaccinium macrocarpon	large cranberry	S3	G5
Veratrum viride	American false-hellebore	S3	G5
Verbena simplex	narrow-leaf vervain	SH	G5
Verbesina alternifolia	wingstem	SH	G5
Vernonia glauca	broadleaf ironweed	S1	G5
Veronica americana	American speedwell	S1	G5
Veronicastrum virginicum	Culver's-root	S1	G5
Viburnum cassinoides	withe-rod	SH	G5
Viburnum rafinesquianum	downy arrow-wood	SH	G5
Viola blanda	white violet	S3	G4G5
Viola brittoniana	coast violet	S3	G5
Viola macloskeyi ssp. pallens	smooth white violet	S1	G5T5
(Viola pallens)
Viola palmata	palmate-leaved violet	S3	G5
Viola pedata	bird's-foot violet	S1	G5
Viola pubescens	downy yellow violet	S3	G5T?
Viola rotundifolia	roundleaf violet	S2	G5
Viola sagittata var. ovata	fringed violet	S1	G5T4?Q
(Viola fimbriatula)
Viola sagittata var. sagittata	arrow-leaved violet	S3	G5
Viola striata	striped violet	S3	G5
Wolffia brasiliensis	pointed watermeal	S3	G5
(Wolffia punctata)
Wolffia columbiana	Columbia watermeal	S3	G5
Wolffiella gladiata	sword bogmat	SH	G5
(Wolffiella floridana)
Woodsia obtusa	blunt-lobe woodsia	S2	G5T?
Xerophyllum asphodeloides	eastern turkeybeard	SX	G4
Xyris fimbriata	fringed yellow-eyed grass	S1	G5
Xyris smalliana	Small's yellow-eyed-grass	S2	G5
Xyris torta	twisted yellow-eyed-grass	S3	G5
Zannichellia palustris	horned pondweed	S1	G5
Zanthoxylum americanum	northern prickley ash	SH	G5
Zigadenus leimanthoides	death-camus	SH	G4Q
Zizia aptera	golden Alexander	S1	G5
Zizia aurea	common Alexander's	S2	G5
Zostera marina	eel-grass	SX	G5

APPENDIX I

EXPLANATION OF STATE AND GLOBAL RANKS

Ranks are based on a system developed by The Nature Conservancy to measure the relative rarity of a species. Each species listed is given a State and Global rank. The State rank reflects the rarity within Delaware, and the Global rank reflects the rarity of the species throughout the world. State and Global ranks are used to prioritize conservation and protection efforts so that the rarest of species receives immediate attention. The primary criteria for ranking species is the total number of documented occurrences or populations with consideration given to the total number of individuals within each population. Ranks for individual species are annually updated and are based on current knowledge.

STATE RANK

S1 Extremely rare and of conservation concern; typically 5 or fewer extant occurrences or populations in the state; or only a few remaining individuals; may be especially vulnerable to extirpation.

S1.1 To date, only a single extant occurrence or population of this species is known to exist in the state.

S2 Very rare and of conservation concern; typically between 6 and 20 known occurrences or populations; may be susceptible to becoming extirpated.

S3 Rare to uncommon not of conservation concern; typically 21 to 50 known occurrences or populations; S3 ranked species are not yet susceptible to becoming extirpated in the state but may be if additional populations are destroyed.

S4 Common; apparently secure under present conditions; typically 51 or more known occurrences or populations, but may be fewer with many large populations; usually not susceptible to immediate threats.

S5 Very common; demonstrably secure under present conditions.

SU Status uncertain; a species thought to be uncommon in the state, but there is inadequate data to determine rarity. Also includes uncommon species of uncertain nativity in the state and of questionable taxonomic standing.

SH Historically known from the state but not verified for an extended period (usually 15 years); there are expectations that the species may be rediscovered.

SX Species has been determined or presumed to be extirpated. All historical occurrences have been searched, or all known sites have been destroyed, and a thorough search of potential habitat has been completed.

GLOBAL RANK

G1 Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), or because of some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction.

G2 Imperiled globally because of rarity (6-20 occurrences), or because of some other factor(s) making it very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range.

G3 Either very rare and local throughout its range (21 to 100 occurrences), or found locally (even abundantly at some of its locations) in a restricted range (e.g. a physiographic region), or because of some other factor(s) making it vulnerable to extinction throughout its range.

G4 Apparently secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.

G5 Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.

GH Historically known, with the expectation that it may be rediscovered.

GX Species believed to be extinct throughout its range with no likelihood that it will be rediscovered.

GU Possibly in peril range-wide but status uncertain; more information is needed.

G? Species has not yet been ranked.

GNE Exotic in the United States (e.g. Japanese Honeysuckle).

Q If a taxon is treated as a full species, a qualifying "Q" is added after the global rank to denote its questionable taxonomic assignment.

T Global ranks containing a "T" qualifier denote that the infraspecific taxon is being ranked differently than the full species. For example, Polygala cruciata var. aquilonia is ranked G5T4 the full species is ranked G5 and the expression aquilonia is ranked G4.

APPENDIX II

FEDERALLY LISTED AND CANDIDATE PLANT SPECIES OCCURRING

IN THE STATE OF DELAWARE

SCIENTIFIC NAME	STATE RANK	GLOBAL RANK	COMMON NAME

LE (ENDANGERED)

Oxypolis canbyi	SH	G2	Canby's dropwort
Schwalbea americana	SX	G2	American chaffseed

LT (THREATENED)

Aeschynomene virginica	SX	G2	Sensitive jointvetch
Amaranthus pumilus	S1	G2	Seabeach amaranth
Helonias bullata	S2	G3	Swamp pink
Isotria medeoloides	S1	G2G3	Small whorled pogonia
Rhynchospora knieskernii	SX	G1	Knieskern's beakrush

CANDIDATE SPECIES

Narthecium americanum	SX	G2	Bog asphodel

LE (ENDANGERED) - In danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

LT (THREATENED) - Likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

CANDIDATE SPECIES - Taxa for which the Service has on file enough substantial information on biological vulnerability and threat(s) to support proposals to list them as endangered or threatened species.

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